Ukuduma nokufinyeleleka kwezimoto zasemoyeni ezingaphethwe muntu (UAVs) kuzuzise izimboni eziningi ngokunciphisa izindleko nokwandisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi. Kodwa kuthiwani ngomphakathi wesayensi? Amakhulu, uma kungezona izinkulungwane, zososayensi abazimele namanyuvesi emhlabeni jikelele asebenzisa lawa ma-UAV ukwenza ucwaningo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwesayensi ngezindlela ezintsha.
Sivame ukugxila ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni nezohwebo zama-UAV, kodwa isayensi emsulwa ibuye izuze ekuthengeni nasekutholakaleni kwendiza uma uhlahlomali luqinile kanye nesikhathi sokuqeda ukuhlola sibalulekile.
Isibonelo, ososayensi abambalwa basePoland babambisana ocwaningweni olunzulu lokuguguleka kogu, besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obusha obufana ne-LiDAR ehamba emoyeni kanye ne-bathymetry.
U-Pawel Tysiac no-Rafal Ossowski we-Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering e-Gdansk University of Technology, ngokubambisana no-Lukasz Janowski we-Maritime Academy yase-Maritime University yase-Gdynia kanye no-Damian Moskalewicz woMnyango we-Geomorphology kanye ne-Quaternary Geology e-Faculty of Oceanography kanye ne-Geography e-University of Gdansk, baye benza ucwaningo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-University of Gdansk. ingxenye yogu lwasePoland (Ikakhulukazi, indawo eyimayela elingu-1 ye-southern Baltic Sea).
Iphepha linesihloko esithi "Ukuhlolwa kokucekelwa phansi kwamawa ogwini kusetshenziswa idatha ye-drone ne-orthophoto kanye ne-bathymetric LiDAR ku-Google Earth Engine". Ishicilelwe kokuthi Imibiko Yesayensi, Januwari 2025 futhi iyisibonelo esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha ukuqoqa idatha ebalulekile ekuqondeni izindlela imvelo eshintsha ngayo indawo.
Sibe nethuba lokukhuluma no-Pawel Tysiac, omunye wababhali bocwaningo, ukuze siqonde kangcono umthelela wama-drones kanye ne-LiDAR kuphrojekthi yabo.
"Izindlela zendabuko zokuqapha ukuguguleka kwamawa ngokuvamile zidinga umsebenzi wasensimini odinga abasebenzi abaningi kanye nokubalwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kokusatshalaliswa kwezindawo kusetshenziswa amasu okuhlola umhlaba avamile," kusho uPawel. "Ngokuphambene nalokho, intuthuko yakamuva ekuzweleni okukude nokufunda ngomshini inikeza izindlela ezintsha zokuhlola ukucekelwa phansi kwamawa ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu nokunemba."
Ukucekelwa phansi kogu sekudonse ukunaka kohulumeni nososayensi emhlabeni jikelele njengoba isibalo sezinhlekelele zemvelo sikhula futhi inhlekelele ngayinye idala umonakalo omkhulu kubantu nasezindaweni ezizungezile.
"Kuleli phepha, sisebenzisa igama elithi 'i-bluff degradation' ngokubanzi. Sikuchaza njengomthelela omkhulu wezinguquko emaweni asogwini agugulekayo abangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene nezinqubo, okuhlanganisa izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-lithologic kanye ne-hydrogeologic, umsebenzi wamagagasi esiphepho, imvula, ukuvunguza komoya, kanye nemisebenzi yabantu eholela ekuthuthukisweni kwemithelela emikhulu, ukunyakaza, ukunyakaza, imithelela, kanye nemithelela yabo. nemfucumfucu,” kusho uPawel. "Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, isisekelo esiyinhloko salolu cwaningo ukuthi i-spectrum ye-electromagnetic wave reflectance spectrum iyahlukahluka ezindaweni ezithintekayo ngokuwohloka. Endabeni ye-bluffs yasogwini, izinguquko ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izimila kanye nezinye izici zingaholela ekuhlukeni okukhulu."
Namuhla, inzwa ekude iyindlela evamile yokuqapha izindawo ezisogwini. Ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezithombe nokwaziswa okuqoqwe kumasathelayithi, izinkundla ezihamba emoyeni, nezinzwa ezisekelwe phansi, abacwaningi bangathola ulwazi lwendawo olunemininingwane nolwakamuva mayelana nezindawo ezisogwini. Izithombe zohlaka lokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi zivumela ukubhekwa kwezinguquko ku-morphology yasogwini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zisize ukuhlonza izindawo ezithinteka kakhulu izinhlekelele zemvelo. Kulokhu, ababhali basebenzise izithombe zasemoyeni, ezihlinzeka ngezithombe zokucaca okuphezulu eziwusizo ekuqhathaniseni okuningiliziwe ngaphambi nangemuva. Nokho, kunenkinga yezikhathi ezihlukene zokukhanya ezithombeni, okuholela ezintweni ezihlukene okufanele zicutshungulwe. Mayelana ne-photogrammetry, izindiza zidinga ukuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, kodwa kusenezinkinga ezithile ngokuhlukahluka kwesizini mayelana nalokhu.
“Sinqume ukusebenzisa i-LiDAR njengenye indlela yokubhekana nokushintsha kwezimo zokukhanyisa,” kusho uPawel. "Idatha ye-LiDAR ibalulekile ekulinganiseni izinguquko ze-topographic zasogwini ngokunemba okuphezulu, ukusiza ukuhlunga idatha kusuka ezitshalweni noma ezindaweni ezihlukanisiwe. Umkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu we-LiDAR yi-Digital Elevation Model (DEM), esetshenziselwa ukudala ukumelwa kwe-3D kwendawo yogu. Lawa mamodeli asiza ukuqonda ukusabalalisa kwendawo yokuguguleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokubala amamodeli ".
Inkinga yaphakama ngoba ingxenye yokucekelwa phansi kogu okwenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi idlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni lesi simo senzeke, yingakho isinqumo sokusebenzisa i-LiDAR njengethuluzi le-bathymetric.
UPawel uthe, "Imiphumela yocwaningo isinika ukuqonda mayelana nendlela amawa asogwini asabela ngayo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu samanje nesesikhathi esizayo, ikakhulukazi ukuphakama kwezinga lolwandle kanye nokwanda kweziphepho." "Ukuthuthukisa inhlolovo yendabuko ye-geotechnical ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuzwela kude, obufana nokusetshenziswa kwama-drones nezinhlolovo ezihamba emoyeni, kunikeza imodeli kwezinye izindawo ezibhekene nezinselelo ezifanayo. Ukwaziswa okutholakala kulolu cwaningo kungagcina izinqubomgomo zokuphathwa kogu hhayi e-Poland kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izifunda ezinezimo ezifanayo ze-geological kanye nemvelo. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zokulawula ubungozi zingasiza ezisekelweni zokulawulwa kwengqalasizinda yempilo yabantu ngezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwempilo ezisebenzayo kanye nezinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokulawula impilo yabantu. ukuguguleka kwamadwala nokungazinzi."
Ngokuhlanganisa ukuqoqwa kolwazi lwasemoyeni nolwasolwandle olusuka ezimotweni ezizimele, leli qembu lososayensi likwazile ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yedatha, ukunemba kweziphetho, nokwanela kwezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo endaweni kanye nezakhamuzi zezindawo ezithintekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-12-2025