Ama-UAV angakwazi ukuthwala izinhlobonhlobo zezinzwa zerimothi, ezingathola ulwazi olunezinhlangothi eziningi, olunembayo oluphezulu lwezindawo zasemapulazini futhi zibone ukuqapha okunamandla kwezinhlobo eziningi zolwazi lwamapulazi. Ulwazi olunjalo luhlanganisa ikakhulukazi ulwazi lokusatshalaliswa kwendawo yezitshalo (ukutholakala kwendawo yasepulazini, ukuhlonzwa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo, ukulinganisa kwendawo kanye nokuqapha okuguquguqukayo, ukukhishwa kwengqalasizinda yasensimini), ulwazi lokukhula kwezitshalo (imingcele ye-crop phenotypic, izinkomba zokudla okunomsoco, isivuno), kanye nezici zokucindezeleka ekukhuleni kwezitshalo (umswakama wasensimini, izinambuzane nezifo) amandla.
Ulwazi Lwendawo Yepulazi
Ulwazi lwendawo yendawo yokulima luhlanganisa izixhumanisi zendawo yezinkambu kanye nezigaba zezitshalo ezitholwe ngobandlululo olubonakalayo noma ukuqashelwa komshini. Imingcele yensimu ingabonakala ngokudidiyela indawo, futhi indawo yokutshala nayo ingalinganiswa. Indlela evamile yokwenza amamephu esimo sendawo abe yidijithali njengebalazwe eliyisisekelo lokuhlelwa kwesifunda kanye nokulinganisa kwendawo inesikhathi esingesihle, futhi umehluko phakathi kwendawo yomngcele nesimo sangempela mkhulu futhi awunawo umuzwa, ongahambisani nokuqaliswa kokunemba kwezolimo. Inzwa ekude ye-UAV ingathola ulwazi olubanzi lwendawo yendawo yokulima ngesikhathi sangempela, elinezinzuzo ezingenakuqhathaniswa zezindlela zendabuko. Izithombe zasemoyeni ezivela kumakhamera edijithali anencazelo ephezulu zingakwazi ukubona ukuhlonzwa nokunqunywa kolwazi oluyisisekelo lwendawo yokulima, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokumisa indawo kuthuthukisa ukunemba nokujula kocwaningo olumayelana nolwazi lwendawo yokulima, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuxazululwa kwendawo ngenkathi kwethulwa ulwazi lokuphakama, okuqaphela ukugadwa kahle kolwazi lwendawo yepulazi.
Ulwazi Lokukhula Kwezitshalo
Ukukhula kwezitshalo kungabonakala ngolwazi kumapharamitha we-phenotypic, izinkomba zokudla okunomsoco, kanye nesivuno. Imingcele ye-Phenotypic ihlanganisa ukumboza kwezitshalo, inkomba yendawo yamaqabunga, i-biomass, ubude besitshalo, njll. Le mingcele ihlobene futhi ihlangene ibonisa ukukhula kwezitshalo. Le mingcele ihlobene futhi ihlangene ibonisa ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi ihlobene ngokuqondile nesivuno sokugcina. Bahamba phambili ocwaningweni lokuqapha ulwazi lwasepulazini futhi kuye kwenziwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe.
1) Nqampuna Phenotypic Amapharamitha
Inkomba yendawo yeqabunga (i-LAI) iyisamba sendawo yeqabunga eliluhlaza enohlangothi olulodwa endaweni ngayinye, engabonakalisa kangcono ukumuncwa kwesitshalo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanya, futhi ihlobene eduze nokunqwabelana kwesitshalo kanye nesivuno sokugcina. Inkomba yendawo yeqabunga ingenye yepharamitha eyinhloko yokukhula kwezitshalo okwamanje eqashwe inzwa yerimothi ye-UAV. Ukubala izinkomba zezitshalo (inkomba yesilinganiso sezitshalo, inkomba yezitshalo ezijwayelekile, inkomba yezitshalo ezilungisa inhlabathi, inkomba yezitshalo ezihlukene, njll.) ngedatha ye-multispectral kanye nokusungula amamodeli okuhlehla ngedatha yeqiniso eliyisisekelo kuyindlela evuthiwe yokuguqula imingcele ye-phenotypic.
I-biomass engaphezulu komhlaba esigabeni sokukhula kwakamuva kwezitshalo ihlobene kakhulu nesivuno kanye nekhwalithi. Njengamanje, ukulinganisa kwe-biomass ngenzwa ye-UAV ekude kwezolimo kusasebenzisa kakhulu idatha ye-multispectral, kukhishwe amapharamitha we-spectral, futhi kubala inkomba yezitshalo ukuze kwenziwe imodeli; ubuchwepheshe bokumisa indawo bunezinzuzo ezithile ekulinganisweni kwe-biomass.
2) Izinkomba Zokudla Kwezitshalo
Ukuqapha okuvamile kwesimo somsoco wezitshalo kudinga isampula yasensimini kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwasendlini ukuze kuhlonzwe okuqukethwe kwemisoco noma izinkomba (i-chlorophyll, i-nitrogen, njll.), kuyilapho inzwa yerimothi ye-UAV isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi izinto ezihlukene zinezici ezithile zokumunca okubukekayo ukuze zixilongwe. I-Chlorophyll igadwa ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi inezifunda ezimbili eziqinile zokumunca ebhendini yokukhanya ebonakalayo, okuyingxenye ebomvu engu-640-663 nm kanye nengxenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet engu-430-460 nm, kuyilapho ukumuncwa kubuthakathaka ku-550 nm. Umbala wamaqabunga kanye nezici zokuthungwa ziyashintsha lapho izitshalo zishoda, futhi ukuthola izici zezibalo zombala nokuthungwa okuhambisana nokushiyeka okuhlukahlukene kanye nezimpawu ezihlobene kuyisihluthulelo sokuqapha izakhi. Ngokufanayo nokuqapha imingcele yokukhula, ukukhethwa kwamabhande ezimpawu, izinkomba zezitshalo namamodeli okuqagela kusewukuqukethwe okuyinhloko ocwaningweni.
3) Isivuno Sezitshalo
Ukwandisa isivuno sezitshalo kuwumgomo oyinhloko wemisebenzi yezolimo, futhi ukulinganisa okunembile kwesivuno kubalulekile kuyo yomibili iminyango ethatha izinqumo zokukhiqiza nokuphatha. Abacwaningi abaningi bazamile ukusungula amamodeli okulinganisa isivuno ngokunemba okuphezulu kokubikezela ngokuhlaziywa kwe-multifactor.
Umswakama Wezolimo
Umswakama wasepulazini uvame ukugadwa ngezindlela ezishisayo ze-infrared. Ezindaweni ezinekhava ephezulu yezitshalo, ukuvalwa kwe-leaf stomata kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngenxa yokuphefumula, okunciphisa ukushisa okucashile endaweni futhi kwandisa ukushisa okunengqondo ebusweni, okubangela ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kwe-canopy, okubhekwa njengokushisa kwe-canopy yesitshalo. Njengoba ukukhombisa ibhalansi yamandla esivuno senkomba yokucindezeleka kwamanzi kungalinganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuqukethwe kwamanzi esitshalo kanye nezinga lokushisa le-canopy, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa le-canopy elitholwe inzwa ye-infrared eshisayo lingabonisa isimo somswakama wendawo yokulima; inhlabathi engenalutho noma isembozo sezitshalo ezindaweni ezincane, singasetshenziswa ukuguqula umswakama wenhlabathi ngokungaqondile ngezinga lokushisa elingaphansi komhlaba, okuyisimiso sokuthi: ukushisa okukhethekile kwamanzi kukhulu, izinga lokushisa lokushisa liyaphuza ukushintsha, ngakho-ke ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo kwezinga lokushisa elingaphansi komhlaba phakathi nosuku kungabonakala ngokungaqondile ekusabalaleni komswakama wenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo kwezinga lokushisa elingaphansi komhlaba kungabonisa ngokungaqondile ukusatshalaliswa komswakama wenhlabathi. Ekuqaphelweni kokushisa kwe-canopy, inhlabathi engenalutho iyisici esibalulekile sokuphazamiseka. Abanye abacwaningi baye bahlola ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lenhlabathi elingenalutho kanye nesembozo senhlabathi yezitshalo, bacacisa igebe phakathi kwezilinganiso zokushisa kwe-canopy ezibangelwa inhlabathi engenalutho kanye nenani langempela, futhi basebenzisa imiphumela elungisiwe ekuqaphelweni komswakama wepulazi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuqapha. Ekulawulweni kwangempela kokukhiqizwa kwepulazi, ukuvuza komswakama wasensimini nakho kugxilwe kukho, kube nocwaningo olusebenzisa izithombe ze-infrared ukuqapha ukuvuza komswakama wesiteshi sokunisela, ukunemba kungafinyelela ku-93%.
Izinambuzane Nezifo
Ukusetshenziswa kokuqapha okubukwayo kwe-spectral eseduze kwe-infrared yezinambuzane nezifo zezitshalo, okusekelwe: amaqabunga endaweni eseduze ne-infrared of the reflection by the sponge tissue kanye nokulawulwa kwezicubu zocingo, izitshalo ezinempilo, lezi zikhala ezimbili zezicubu ezigcwele umswakama nokwandiswa, kuyisibonakaliso esihle semisebe ehlukahlukene; lapho isitshalo sonakaliswa, iqabunga lonakalisiwe, izicubu zihlakazekile, amanzi ancishisiwe, ukubonakaliswa kwe-infrared kuncishisiwe kuze kulahleke.
Ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kwe-infrared elishisayo nakho kuyinkomba ebalulekile yezinambuzane nezifo zezitshalo. Izitshalo ezimweni ezinempilo, ikakhulukazi ngokulawula ukuvulwa kweqabunga le-stomatal kanye nokuvalwa kwesimiso sokuphefumula, ukugcina ukuzinza kokushisa kwazo; endabeni yesifo, izinguquko ze-pathological zizokwenzeka, i-pathogen - i-host interactions ku-pathogen esitshalweni, ikakhulukazi ezicini ezihlobene nokuphefumula komthelela kuzonquma ingxenye ehlaselwe yokukhuphuka nokuwa kwezinga lokushisa. Ngokuvamile, ukuzwa kwezitshalo kuholela ekunqanyulweni kokuvulwa kwesisu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuphefumula kuphezulu endaweni enesifo kunendawo enempilo. Ukuphefumula okunamandla kuholela ekwehleni kwezinga lokushisa endaweni enegciwane kanye nomehluko ophakeme wokushisa endaweni yeqabunga kunaseqabungeni elivamile kuze kube yilapho kuvela amachashaza e-necrotic ebusweni beqabunga. Amaseli endaweni ye-necrotic afile ngokuphelele, ukuphefumula kuleyo ngxenye kulahlekile ngokuphelele, futhi izinga lokushisa liqala ukukhuphuka, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi lonke iqabunga liqala ukungenwa igciwane, umehluko wokushisa endaweni yamaqabunga uhlale uphakeme kunalowo wesitshalo esinempilo.
Olunye Ulwazi
Emkhakheni wokuqapha ulwazi lwamapulazi, idatha yenzwa ye-UAV ikude inohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Isibonelo, ingasetshenziswa ukuze kukhishwe indawo ewile yommbila kusetshenziswa izici eziningi zokuthungwa, ukukhombisa izinga lokuvuthwa kwamaqabunga phakathi nesigaba sokuvuthwa kukakotini kusetshenziswa inkomba ye-NDVI, futhi kukhiqize amamephu kadokotela wesicelo se-abscisic acid angaqondisa ngempumelelo ukufafazwa kwe-abscisic acid ukotini ukugwema ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezibulala-zinambuzane, nokunye. Ngokwezidingo zokuqapha nokuphatha amapulazi, kuwumkhuba ongeke ugwemeke ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo kwezolimo ezinolwazi nedijithali ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlola ulwazi lwedatha yenzwa ye-UAV ekude nokwandisa izinkambu ezisetshenziswayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-24-2024